Biological control of pink hibiscus mealybug project manual. Nevertheless, it is not possible to assure that this procedure is reliable for taxa. Mealybugs are important pests throughout california, particularly in vineyards and in nurseries producing ornamental plants mckenzie 1967, flaherty et al. The animal diversity web team is excited to announce adw pocket guides. Planococcus citri risso, pink hibiscus mealyb ug, maconellicoccus hirsutus green, and the newly identi ed gill s mealybug, ferrisia gilli gullan. Duncan,5 manabu fujie,6 makiko tanaka,7 nori satoh,7 doris bachtrog,8 alex c. Prohemocytes, oenocytoids, and granular hemocytes of types 1 gh1, 2 gh2, and 3 gh3 were observed in p. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, emmanuel asiedu and others published biology of planococcus citri risso hemiptera. Hatching rate of eggs and mortality rates in different biological stages of planococcus citri on. Planococcus citri feeds both on the phloem sieve elements and on xylem. Biology of planococcus citri risso semantic scholar. Yam is an important staple cash crop, which constitutes 53% of total root and tuber consumption in west africa. Host plant records for the citrus mealybug, planococcus. Planococcus citri, commonly known as the citrus mealybug, is a species of mealybugs native to asia.
It is a cheap source of carbohydrate in the diets of millions of people worldwide and in tropical west africa. Introduction planococcus citri commonly known as citrus mealybug is a polyphagus species known from all zoogeographical regions 1. Pseudococcidae is one of the main pests on citrus trees. Citrus mealy bug planococcus citri risso management a. Planococcus citri is a highly polyphagous, adaptable mealybug that can feed on many host plants in a variety of conditions, and can reproduce rapidly. Effect of temperature on the developmental and reproductive biology of the passionvine mealybug, planococcus minor maskell hemiptera.
The protein product of the cdna clone that was closer to hp1 in sequence was expressed as a fusion protein in eschericia coli, and polyclonal rat antibodies were raised against it. Predators, parasitoids, rainfall, sunlight, physiological disturbances and fungal diseases were collectively responsible for 98. The developmental biology of citrus mealybug, planococcus citri risso hemiptera. Pdf some biological parameters of planococcus citri on differnt. Temporal variation in sex allocation in the mealybug. Parthenogenesis in the mealybug, phenacoccus solani ferris. Horizontal gene transfer from diverse bacteria to an. Reproductive biology of pseudococcus maritimus hemiptera. In a study that tested the synthetic sex pheromone of p. Pdf sex pheromone and analogs of the citrus mealybug. Mealy bugs are destructive to citrus causing severe losses in peninsular and northeastern india. In male embryos, the entire haploid paternal chromosome set becomes heterochromatic at midcleavage. Molecular and morphological identification of mealybug. Immunohistochemistry to mealybug squash preparations showed that this protein was a malespecific nuclear protein, but that.
Descriptions, illustrations and a key are provided for 35 species considered to belong to the genus planococcus. Identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of the. Citrus mealybug planococcus citri ufifas edis university of. In the mealybug pseudococcus obscurus essig pseudococcidae two esterases, a tyrosinase and a mannosephosphate isomerase, exhibited an unusual type of maternal inheritance. Planococcus ficus, biological control, taxonomy, vernacular names, morphometrics, life cycle, hosts, geographical distribution, population dynamics, integrated pest management vine mealybug, planococcus ficus signoret, is a key pest in vineyards in the western cape and northwest provinces of south africa and more recently in the usa. It belongs to the class insecta, order hemiptera, family pseudococcidae, genus planococcus and species citri 2. Molecular and morphological identification of mealybug species. Planococcus citririsso, pink hibiscus mealybug, maconellicoccus hirsutus green. Newly born nymphs were taken from egg mass of planococcus citri risso. Previous work has shown that the sex ratio females produce changes over the.
Biological control of the pest is based on the release of hymenopterous parasitoids and coccinellid predators at present. The citrus mealybug a shorttailed mealybug is a softbodied pseudococcid. Synthesis of the female sex pheromone of the citrus. Historically, the citrus mealybug planococcus citri risso homoptera. Triple coitus in the mealy bug, planococcus citri risso. Espesye sa insekto nga una nga gihulagway ni antoine risso ni adtong 18 ang planococcus citri. Developmental and reproductive biology of planococcus minor. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. James 1937 made a comprehensive study of the reproduction of planococcus citri risso ferris, pseudococcus maritimus ehrh ferris, p. Vine mealybug, planococcus ficus signoret hemiptera. Planococcus citri an overview sciencedirect topics. The behavior of chromosomes during development of the mealybug planococcus citri provides one of the most dramatic examples of facultative heterochromatization.
Horizontal gene transfer from diverse bacteria to an insect genome enables a tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis filip husnik,1 naruo nikoh,2 ryuichi koga,3 laura ross,4 rebecca p. Effect of temperature on the developmental and reproductive biology of the passionvine. Mealybug populations were sampled daily to determine thermal constants and daydegrees dd at 18. Pseudococcidae, was investigated under laboratory conditions. Planococcus citri, commonly known as the citrus mealybug, is a species of mealybugs native to.
Planococcus citri, and the closely related planococcus ficus. The citrus plants of all the ages even the pruned young citrus seedlings in cage house and nursery besides grownup trees are attacked by mealy bugs. At various times since its description in 1897, the status of the species has been doubted, and has even been synonomized with the nearly identical p. Life table and some biological features of planococcus citri, risso hemiptera. Center for urban ecology and sustainability, university of minnesota. School of biological sciences, institute of evolutionary biology, university of edinburgh, edinburgh, uk. The citrus mealybug, planococcus citri risso is a common pest in the southern u. Cloning and expression of drosophila hp1 homologs from a. Developmental biology of citrus mealybug under conditions. Virgin females were mated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence and reproductive and life table parameters were estimated. Males of the mealy bug, planococcus citri, do not feed throughout their nymphal stages of development nor after they emerge as adults.
Confirmation requires slidemounting andor molecular testing of the adult female. It has been introduced to the rest of the world, including europe, the americas, and oceania, as an agricultural pest. Some of the more novel materials have systemic properties. Pdf this study has been conducted in citrus orchards at cukurova. Pdf some biological parameters of planococcus citri on. Facultative heterochromatization in parahaploid male. This page was last edited on 29 november 2015, at 09. Male mealybugs are thus functionally haploid, owing to heterochromatization parahaploidy. The effectiveness of entomopathogen fungus isaria farinosa holmsk. It belongs to the class insecta, order hemiptera, family pseudococcidae, genus planococcus and. The effect of increasing mating delay on the reproductive performance and population growth rates of the vine mealybug, planococcus ficus signoret hemiptera. L lin, in postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The developmental time from egg to adult female was approximately 49 d at 20 c, 31 d at. In this study, we determined the critical stages and the key factors of mortality for planococcus citri using a life table to understand the role of natural biological control on its population. Planococcus citririsso, pink hibiscus mealybug, maconellicoccus hirsutusgreen. Pseudococcidae, is one of the major pest of citrus and many other orchards crops, and ornamental plants in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. We determined whether males can transmit genetic information through their sons by tracking. Biological sciences atmospheric temperature influence entomology research life cycles biology mealy bugs environmental aspects physiological aspects mealybugs potatoes diseases and pests. Bettiga l, bentley wj eds university of california grape pest management manual. Grapevines cover an area of approximately 82,000 hectares in brazil, with an annual yield ranging from 1,300,000 to 1,450,000 t. Pseudococcidae on 41b grapevine variety vitis vinifera l. Hemocytes of phenacoccus manihoti and planococcus citri were studied to determine general ultrastructure, phenoloxidase activity, and the presence or absence of a glycocalyx. Until the early 1980s the pest was frequently misidentified as the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri risso. Ferris, and trionymus peregrinus green, and found that parthenogenesis did not occur in any of these species.
No evidence for an intragenomic arms race under paternal. Passionvine mealybug also has the common name of coffee mealybug but has not been reported as a pest of citrus. Developmental and reproductive biology of planococcus. Planococcus citri was conducted during 20 2015 in different locations in baghdad province including greenhouses, private nurseries, confined buildings, and previously published records. Developmental and reproductive biology of planococcus minor hemiptera. Until the mid 1980s mealybugs in vineyards were often identified as planococcus vitis niedielski, whereas the name p.
Mccutcheon10, 1faculty of science, university of south bohemia and. A fact from planococcus citri appeared on wikipedia s main page in the did you know. The hemocytes of the mealybugs phenacoccus manihoti and. Pseudococcidae, was studied at constant and varying temperatures on roses, rosa hybrida l.
However, attack by planococcus citri results in shriveling of the tubers, making them become light and unpalatable. The taxonomic history of the passionvine mealybug is complicated, and much of what is recorded under the name p. Apart from citrus, mealy bugs attack curry leaf plant, cotton, banana, coffee, cocoa, ginger, mango etc. Pseudococcidae, was investigated on sprouted potatoes. It has been reported on over 200 hostplant species belonging to 191 genera and 82 families, and can seriously damage many crops, particularly citrus and glasshouse tomatoes. Integrated control methods of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri risso in crete, greece. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view. Biology and management of mealybugs in vineyards college of. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 23. Some biological parameters of planococcus citri on differnt citrus species. Host plants, geographical distribution, natural enemies and biological studies of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri risso hemiptera. Electromorphs alleles were transmitted by both parents but segregation was delayed by one generation and full sisters always had the same phenotype.